Abstract The genus Candida represents the main cause of infections of fungal origin. Some species stand out as disease promoters in humans, such as C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, and C. tropicalis. This study evaluated the antifungal effects of propyl (E)-3-(furan-2-yl) acrylate. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the synthetic compound, amphotericin B and fluconazole alone against four species of Candida ranged from 64 to 512 μg/mL, 1 to 2 μg/mL, and 32 to 256 μg/mL, respectively. The synergistic effect of the test substance was observed when associated with fluconazole against C. glabrata, there was no antagonism between the substances against any of the tested strains. The potential drug promoted morphological changes in C. albicans, decreasing the amount of resistance, virulence, and reproduction structures, such as the formation of pseudohyphae, blastoconidia, and chlamydospores, ensuring the antifungal potential of this substance. It was also possible to identify the fungicidal profile of the test substance through the study of the growth kinetics of C. albicans. Finally, it was observed that the test compound inhibited the ergosterol biosynthesis by yeast.

Amino sugars are chemical compounds that have a sugar backbone, in which one of the hydroxyl groups is replaced by an amino group. Derivatives of amine-containing sugars, such as N-acetylglucosamine, are also considered amino sugars. The synthetic introduction of amino functionalities in a regio- and stereoselective manner ontosugar scaffolds represents a substantial challenge. Most of the modern methods for the preparation of 1-, 2- and 3-amino sugars are those starting from glycals, 2,3-unsaturated O-glycosides epoxy-sugars, keto-sugars among others. This review summarizes recente developments in the current state of knowledge concerning the occurrence, biosynthesis, synthesis and application of amino sugars.

1,2,4-Oxadiazoles are heterocyclic compounds that have a remarkable range of applications. This overview focused on investigating the potential and scientific and technological evolution of these compounds through an analysis of patent databases and scientific papers. Prospecting technology using patent databases is an important tool for mapping technologies or technological areas, allowing the identification of such things as trends and investments. The mapping of 1,2,4-oxadiazoles patents and patent applications was facilitated by using different key word from scientific papers found in the INPI, Esp@cenet, WIPO, LATIPAT databases and in the Web of ScienceTM database. The majority of the patent records related to the researched technology had been filed in the Esp@cenet database. A constant linear growth in the number of records of patents granted could be observed over the years, with a remarkable dominance of patents recorded in the USA (24.7%). In addition, when the search through scientific papers was performed, the USA was also the country that had produced the largest number of publications. On the other hand, Brazil presented only two patent grant records (0.2%) and fifty-four published papers related to the technology being researched. In summary, there is great scientific and technological interest in the 1,2,4-oxadiazoles.

Abstract. A highly diastereoselective protocol for the crotylation reaction of aldehydes using potassium (Z) and (E)-crotytrifluoroborates was developed. Benzamidoxime was employed as a renewable catalyst, which was easily recovered through a simple extraction process. This method proved to be simple, fast, regio- and chemoselective for different aldehydes. The corresponding homoallylic alcohols were obtained in good to excellent yields without the need of further purification.

Resumen. Se desarrolló un protocolo altamente diastereoselectivo para la reacción de crotilación de aldehídos usando potasio (Z) y (E)-crotitrifluoroboratos. La benzamidoxima se empleó como catalizador renovable, que se recuperó fácilmente mediante un proceso de extracción simple. Este método demostró ser simple, rápido, regio- y quimioselectivo para diferentes aldehídos. Los alcoholes homoalílicos correspondientes se obtuvieron con rendimientos buenos a excelentes sin la necesidad de una purificación adicional.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to develop a level of competence that is not normally found in graduate or post-graduate chemistry courses, through a didactic intervention in the discipline of spectrometric analysis of organic compounds. The methodology of the work consisted in the analysis of a sample of a compound unknown individually by each student. Whereas organic compounds spectroscopy is most often learned and practiced, this intervention allows students to become comfortable with 1H and 13C NMR, and IR spectroscopy, in addition to mass spectrometry. Throughout the didactic intervention the students, through a thematic seminary, presented the results of the analysis of the spectra from the different techniques used. With the skills acquired from completing this laboratory work, the students become well-prepared to perform spectroscopic analyzes in subsequent experiments encountered in the organic chemistry laboratory.

Resumen El objetivo del presente estudio fue desarrollar un nivel de competencia que no se encuentra normalmente en los cursos de química de posgrado o postgrado, a través de una intervención didáctica en la disciplina de análisis espectrométrico de compuestos orgánicos. La metodología del trabajo consistió en el análisis de muestra de compuesto desconocido individualmente por cada estudiante. Mientras que la espectroscopía de compuestos orgánicos es más a menudo aprendida y practicada, la intervención permite que los estudiantes se sientan cómodos con la RMN 1H y 13C, y la espectroscopía IR, además de la espectrometría de masas. A lo largo de la intervención didáctica los estudiantes a través del seminario temático presentaron los resultados del análisis de los espectros de las diferentes técnicas utilizadas. Con las habilidades adquiridas de completar este laboratorio, están bien preparados para realizar análisis espectroscópicos en experimentos posteriores encontrados en el laboratorio de química orgánica.

Resumo: Partindo das ideias de Bakhtin e inserindo-as no quadro mais amplo dos estudos discursivos, este trabalho analisa os elementos dos gêneros de discurso encontrado em textos de livros didáticos de química. Foram analisados 12 livros de química, destinados a estudantes da 1.a série do ensino médio, de escolas públicas e particulares. Três livros foram recomendados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) 2012 e escolhidos por um número expressivo de professores da rede pública. O conteúdo objeto do estudo foi: ligações químicas. Foi possível identificar recapitulações, chamadas e metáforas (elementos do gênero didático); descrição, classificação, explicação e definição (elementos do gênero científico). O elemento contextualização foi pouco descrito nos livros analisadas. O uso de metáforas foi predominante no livro H.

Abstract: Using the ideas of Bakhtin and inserting them in the broader frame of discursive studies, this paper analyzes the elements of discursive genres found in chemistry textbooks texts. Chemistry twelve books were analyzed, aimed at students of the first high school series of public and private schools. Three books have been recommended by the National Textbook Program ‒ PNLD/2012 and chosen by a large number of public school teachers. The object of the study was content Chemical Bonds. It was possible to identify recaps, calls and metaphors (the didactic genre elements); description, classification, explanation and definition (the scientific genre elements). The context element was just described in the analyzed books. The use of metaphor was predominant in the book H.

We describe the application of an amidoxime as catalyst in the synthesis of homoallylic alcohols from the allylation reaction of aldehydes with different features using potassium allyltrifluoroborate. The reaction was conducted with a catalytic amount of the appropriate amidoxime in a biphasic system (water:dichloromethane), open atmosphere and ambient temperature. The products were obtained in yields ranging from moderate to excellent in short reaction times without the need for further purifications for almost all examples. Additionally, the reaction has proved chemo- and regioselective.

Ésteres constituem uma das classes de substâncias químicas largamente encontradas na natureza. Alguns ésteres, de baixo peso molecular, tendem a apresentar sabor e aroma agradáveis e, por isso, são bastante usados em alimentos e bebidas industrializadas. Os ésteres podem ser sintetizados através da reação entre um ânion carboxilato e um haleto de alquila ou ainda pela reação de esterificação de Fischer. Industrialmente, a reação de esterificação de Fischer é um dos principais métodos para a síntese dos ésteres. No presente trabalho descreve‐se a realização de um experimento simples para a obtenção de ésteres na disciplina Análise Orgânica na graduação. A preparação de levulinato de alquila e lactato de alquila, a partir do ácido levulínico e/ou ácido lático, é muito simples; requer 3 aulas de 4 h e é útil para o apoio em sala de aula nos cursos de graduação.

Esters consist in one of the classes of chemical substances widely found in nature. Some esters of low molecular weight tend to have a pleasant flavor and therefore are widely used by food and drinks industries. The esters can be synthesized by the reaction between a carboxylate anion and an alkyl halide, or by Fischer esterification reaction. Industrially, this last reaction is one of the main procedures for the esters synthesis, and according this work, a simple experiment about this specific obtaining method is described and proposed for undergraduate discipline of organic analysis. The preparation of alkyl levulinate and lactate, from levulinic acid and/or lactic acid, is carried out in laboratory, easily, requiring three periods of four hours and is useful for chemistry teaching.